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شناسایی ریشه های تاریخی حوزۀ ترجمۀ ماشینی: یک تحلیل علم سنجی از طریق آر.پی.وای.اس | ||
مطالعات کتابداری و علم اطلاعات | ||
مقاله 3، دوره 16، شماره 2، تیر 1403، صفحه 37-56 اصل مقاله (2.97 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22055/slis.2022.40967.1893 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
ابراهیم عزتی لارسری* 1؛ علی اکبر خاصه2 | ||
1استادیار، گروه زبانشناسی و زبانهای خارجی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران | ||
2دانشیار، گروه علم اطلاعات و دانششناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
هدف: در این پژوهش، با استفاده از تکنیک علمسنجی به نام طیفسنجی سال انتشار ماخذ، مهمترین آثار تاریخی در حوزهی ترجمهی ماشینی مورد شناسایی و تحلیل قرار گرفتهاند. روششناسی: این پژوهش از نوع مطالعات علمسنجی میباشد که با استفاده از تکنیک RPYS انجام شده است. جامعۀ این پژوهش را تعداد 7899 مقاله در حوزهی ترجمهی ماشینی تشکیل میدهد که بین سالهای 1945 تا 2021 در وب آو ساینس نمایه شدهاند. در راستای هدف پژوهش، ارجاعات استفاده شده در کلیه مقالاتی که در حوزه ترجمهی ماشینی به چاپ رسیدهاند مورد بررسی قرار گرفت (193912 ارجاع). پس از استخراج کلیۀ آثاری که در قسمت فهرست منابع این مقالات درج شده بودند، با استفاده از برنامه نرمافزاری CRExplorer نتایج مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافتهها: نتایج نشان داد که Shannon (1948) نخستین کسی بود که با معرفی مفهوم آنتروپی در فناوری اطلاعات مقدمات ترجمهی ماشینی را فراهم ساخت. پس از ایشان ، ویور در سال 1949 با طرح ترجمهی کلمه به کلمه در ترجمهی ماشینی آماری، این حوزه را متحول ساخت. اما Levenshtein (1966) بود که با معرفی انقلابی "کدهای باینری" باعث گردید که ترجمهی ماشینی قادر به تصحیح، حذف و بازنگری در ترجمه شود. همچنین در سال 1977، دمپستر و همکارانش الگوریتم آماری جدیدی را جهت دستیابی به احتمال حداکثر در دادههای ناقص ارائه کردند. در خاتمه، آثار دانشمندانی همچون Brown et al., 1993) ؛ Hochreiter & Schmidhuber, 1997) ؛et al., 2002 Papineni؛ Koehn et al., 2007) در شکلدهی و توسعهی ترجمهی ماشینی از تاثیرگذاری بسزایی برخوردار بودند. نتیجهگیری: براساس بررسی و مطالعه آثارتاثیرگذار در حوزه ترجمهی ماشینی، نقش علم ریاضیات و آمار در شکلگیری این حوزه مشهود است. هر چند پس از پیشرفتها در علم فناوری اطلاعات و زبانشناسی پیکرهای، ترجمهی ماشینی، دقیقتر و با صحت بیشتر و متناسب با زبان مبدا به ترجمه میپردازد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
تحلیل استنادی؛ ترجمه ماشینی؛ علم سنجی؛ طیفسنجی سال انتشار مآخذ | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 484 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 164 |