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مهار زیستی بیماری پژمردگی فوزاریومی کنجد در استان خراسان رضوی باTrichoderma harzianum در شرایط آزمایشگاه وگلخانه | ||
گیاه پزشکی | ||
مقاله 2، دوره 44، شماره 3، مهر 1400، صفحه 11-28 اصل مقاله (1.27 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی-فارسی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22055/ppr.2021.17004 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
علی ناظور1؛ مجتبی ممرآبادی* 2؛ پریسا طاهری3 | ||
1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران | ||
2دانشیار ،گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران | ||
3استاد، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
کنجد یکی از گیاهان زراعی با ارزش غذایی فراوان است که از حملهی میکروارگانیسمهای بیمارگر از جمله قارچها، مصون نیست. ایجاد بیماریهایی مانند پژمردگی آوندی در این گیاه، باعث کاهش راندمان محصول میگردد. تعداد 17 جدایه مربوط به Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. sesami از گیاهان کنجد مشکوک به بیماری در مناطق مختلف استان خراسان رضوی جداسازی شدند. برای بررسی امکان مهار زیستی از قارچ آنتاگونیست Trichoderma harzianum جدایهی TR5 استفاده گردید. در آزمون بیماریزایی تمام جدایههای F. oxysporum f. sp. sesami بیماریزا بوده و از این نظر با هم دارای اختلاف معنیداری در سطح 5 درصد نشان دادند که بیشترین شدت بیماریزایی مربوط به جدایههای BA15 و BA16 هر دو با 5/87 درصد پژمردگی و کمترین شدت بیماریزایی مربوط به جدایههای AN7 و KA33 هر دو با 5/12 درصد پژمردگی گیاه کنجد بود. در آزمون بررسی آنتاگونیستی در شرایط آزمایشگاهی از روش کشت متقابل بیمارگر با آنتاگونیست استفاده گردید که بیشترین میزان بازدارندگی از رشد ناشی از اثر آنتاگونیستی T. harzianum مربوط به جدایهی BA1 با 45/88 درصد و کمترین میزان بازدارندگی از رشد ناشی از تقابل با آنتاگونیست مذکور مربوط به جدایهی AN2 با 33/71 درصد بود. همچنین در شرایط گلخانهای میزان کاهش شدت علائم بیماری در بین جدایههای مورد آزمایش، متفاوت بوده و اختلاف معنیداری در سطح 5 درصد نشان دادند. بیشترین تأثیر آنتاگونیستی T. harzianum روی جدایههای BA1، AN7 و K33 با کاهش شدت بیماری به میزان 100 درصد و کمترین تأثیر مربوط به جدایهی AN2 با کاهش شدت بیماری به میزان 54/54 درصد بود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
پژمردگی آوندی؛ کنجد؛ مهار زیستی؛ Trichoderma harzianum | ||
مراجع | ||
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