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ویگوتسکی و آموزه یادگیری تجربی و نظری یوری و. کارپف و جان د. دیرانسفورد | ||
علوم تربیتی | ||
دوره 3، شماره 2، اسفند 1375، صفحه 95-110 | ||
نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22055/edus.1997.16550 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
یوری و .کارپف و جان د . دیرانسفورد(نویسنده)؛ محمد علی موسوی(مترجم ) | ||
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چکیده | ||
پیروان ویگوتسکی، آموزهای از دو نوع یادگیری تجربی و نظری را پرورش دادهاند. یادگیری تجربی بر فرآیند مقایسه تعدادی از اشیاء مختلف، تشخیص خصوصیتهای مشترک قابل مشاهده آنها، و بر اساس آن، صورتبندی مفهومی کلی درباره این دسته از اشیاء مبتنی است. این نوع یادگیری خصیصه نوعی کودکان پیشدبستانی است و معمولاً نظامهای آموزشی سنتی به آن میپردازند. یادگیری نظری بر فرآیند آشنا ساختن دانشآموزان با روشهای عمومی و بهینه برای رویاروشدن با طبقاتی از مسائل مبتنی است که آنان را به سوی خصوصیات ذاتی (نه صرفاً مشترک) مسائل هر مقوله سوق میدهد. سپس، در خلال فرآیند فعالیتی که به شکل ویژهای سازماندهی شده باشد، دانشآموز برفرآیند کاربرد این روشها مسلط میشود و آنها را درونی میکند. آزمایشهایی که بر روی دانشآموزان سنین مختلف صورت گرفته دلالت میکند که یادگیری نظری نسبت به یادگیری تجربی بسیار کارآمدتر است. | ||
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Unpublished doctoral dissertation , Moscow State University. | ||
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