Communication and Affective Variables Influencing Omani EFL Learners’ Willingness to Communicate

Al-Issa, A. S., & Al-Bulushi, A. H. (2012). English language teaching reform in Sultanate of Oman: The case of theory and practice disparity. Educational Research for Policy and Practice, 11(2), 141-176.

Baker, S. C., & MacIntyre, P. D. (2003). The role of gender and immersion in communication and second language orientations. Language Learning, 50, 311-341.

 Cetinkaya, Y. B. (2005). Turkish college students’ willingness to communicate in English as a foreign language. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, Ohio.

Clément, R., Baker, S. C., & MacIntyre, P. (2003). Willingness to communicate in a second language: The effects of context, norms and vitality. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 22(2), 190-209.

Dörnyei, Z. (2005). The psychology of the language learner: Individual differences in second language acquisition. London: Erlbaum.

Gardner, R. C. (1985). Social psychology and second language learning: The role of attitudes and motivation. London: Edward Arnold.

Gardner, R. C. (2006). The socioeducational model of second language acquisition: A research pardigm. In S. H. Foster-Cohen, M. M. Krajnovic, & J. M. Djigunović (Eds.), EUROSLA yearbook, volume 6, 2006 (pp. 237-260). Amesterdam: John Benjamins Publishing.

Hashimoto, Y. (2002). Motivation and willingness to communicate as predictors of reported L2 use: The Japanese ESL context. Second Language Studies, 20(29-70).

Hofstede, G. H. (2001). Culture’s consequences (2^nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Horwitz, E. K. (2008). Becoming a language teacher: A practical guide to second language learning and teaching. Bostton: Pearson Education, Inc.

Jung, M. A. (2011). Korean EFL university students' willingness to communicate in English. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, Ohio.

Kang, S.-J. (2005). Dynamic emergence of situational willingness to communicate in a second language. System, 33, 277-292.

Kim, S. J. (2004). Exploring willingness to communicate (WTC) in English among EFL (English foreign language) students in Korea: WTC as a predictor of success in second language acquisition. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, Ohio.

Lantolf, J. P., & Thorne, S. L. (2006). Sociocultural theory and genesis of second language development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Liu, M. (2017). Adult Chinese as a second language learners’ willingness to communicate in Chinese: Effects of cultural, affective, and linguistic variables. Psychological Reports, 120(3), 423-442.

MacIntyre, P. D. (2007). Willingness to communicate in the second language: Understanding the decision to speak as a volitional process. Modern Language Journal, 91, 564-576.

MacIntyre, P. D., Baker, S., Clément, R., & Donovan, L. A. (2003). Talking in order to learn: Willingness to communicate and intensive language programs. Canadian Modern Language Review, 59, 589-607.

MacIntyre, P. D., Baker, S. C., Clément, R., & Donovan, L. A. (2002). Sex and age effects on willingness to communicate, anxiety, perceived competence, and L2 motivation among junior high school French immersion students. Language Learning, 52(3), 537-564.

MacIntyre, P. D., & Charos, C. (1996). Personality, attitudes, and affect as predictors of second language communication. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 15(1), 3-26.

MacIntyre, P. D., Clément, R., Dörnyei, Z., & Noels, K. A. (1998). Conceptualizing willingness to communicate in a L2: a situational model of L2 confidence and affiliation. Modern Language Journal, 82, 545-562.

MacIntyre, P. D., & Doucette, J. (2010). Willingness to communicate and action control. System, 38, 161-171.

MacIntyre, P. D., & Legatoo, J. J. (2011). A dynamic system approach to willingness to communicate: Developing an idiodynamic method to capture rapidly changing affect. Applied Linguistics, 32(2), 149-171.

McCroskey, J. C. (1992). Reliability and validity of the willingness to communicate scale. Communication Quarterly, 40(1), 16-25.

McCroskey, J. C., & McCroskey, L. L. (1988). Self-report as an approach to measuring communication competence. Communication Research Reports, 5(2), 108-113.   

McCroskey, J. C., & Richmond, V. P. (1990a). Willingness to communicate: A cognitive view. In M. Booth-Butterfield (Ed.), Communication, cognition, and anxiety (pp. 19-37). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Nydell, M. (1987). Understanding Arabs: A guide for westerners. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.

Obeidat, B. Y., Shannak, R. O., Masa'deh, R. E., & Al-Jarrah, I. M. (2012). Toward better understanding for arabian culture: Implications based on hofstede's cultural model. European Journal of Social Sciences, 28(4), 512-522.

Peirce, B. N. (1995). Social identity, investment, and language learning. TESOL Quarterly, 29(1), 9-31.

Peng, J. E. (2007a). Willingness to communicate in an L2 and Integrative motivation among college students in an intensive English language program in China. University of Sydney Papers in TESOL, 2, 33-59.

Peng, J. E. (2007b). Willingness to communicate in the Chinese EFL classroom: A cultural perspective. In J. Liu (Ed.), English language teaching in China: New approaches, perspectives, and standards (pp. 250-269). London: Continuum.

Peng, J. E., & Woodrow, L. (2010). Willingness to communicate in English: A model in the chinese EFL classroom context. Language Learning, 60(4), 834-876.

Richmond, V. P., McCroskey, J. C., McCroskey, L. L., & Fayer, J. M. (2008). Communication traits in first and second languages: Puerto Rico. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 37(2), 65-73.

Sharabi, H. (1977). Impact of class and culture on social behavior: The feudal bourgeois family in Arab society. In L. C. Brown & N. Itzhowitz (Eds.), Psychological dimensions of Near Eastern studies (pp. 24-256). Princeton, NJ: The Darwin Press.

Wen, W. P., & Clément, R. (2003). A Chinese conceptualization of willingness to communicate in ESL. Language, Culture, and Curriculum, 16(1), 18-38.

Yaghoubi, A. (2017). Critical thinking and willingness to communicate among EFL students. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 8(2), 375-381.

Yashima, T. (2002). Willingness to communicate in a second language: The Japanese EFL context. The Modern Language Journal, 86(1), 54-66.

Yashima, T., Zenuk-Nishide, L., & Shimizu, K. (2004). The influence of attitudes and affect on willingness to communicate and second language communication. Language Learning, 54, 119-152.

Yousef, F. S. (1974). Cross-cultural communication aspects of contrastive social values between North Americans and Middle Easterners. Human Organization, 33(4), 383-387.

Yu, M. (2009). Willingness to communicate of foreign language learners in a Chinese setting. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Florida State University, Florida.

Zeng, M. (2010). Chinese students' willingness to communicate in English in Canada. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada.